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Synesthesia (American English) or Synaesthesia (British English) is a perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway.
While developmental synesthesia likely has a genetic origin, there are also ways to develop synesthesia. Acquired synesthesia is a form of synesthesia that can materialize later on in life, usually following a brain injury or the loss of sensory input to the central nervous system from afferent nerves, which is called sensory deafferentation.
Synesthesia is when input from one sense triggers the brain to associate it with another sensory experience. Dr. Hersh: Synesthesia occurs when more than one sense is experienced simultaneously ...
Mirror-touch synesthesia is a rare condition which causes individuals to experience a similar sensation in the same part or opposite part of the body (such as touch) that another person feels. For example, if someone with this condition were to observe someone touching their cheek , they would feel the same sensation on their own cheek.
[5] [9] Lexical–gustatory synesthesia and other forms of synesthesia are familial, meaning that they are passed on through a family [1] [2] [4] [5] [8] As many as 40% of synesthetes have an immediate family member with synesthesia. [9] For example, PS’s mother also had lexical gustatory synesthesia. [8]
Chromesthesia or sound-to-color synesthesia is a type of synesthesia in which sound involuntarily evokes an experience of color, shape, and movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Individuals with sound-color synesthesia are consciously aware of their synesthetic color associations/ perceptions in daily life. [ 3 ]
One of the most common forms of synesthesia is grapheme-color synesthesia, where an individual perceives numbers and/or letters associated with colors. Associating colors or words to letters or sounds can allow certain forms of synesthetes to learn new languages, lyrics, or detailed information quite easily. [ 39 ]
The genetic mechanism of synesthesia has long been debated, with researchers previously claiming it was a single X-linked trait due to seemingly higher prevalence in women and no evidence of male-male transmission [1] This is where the only synesthetic parent is male and the male child has synesthesia, [2] [3] meaning that the trait cannot be solely linked to the X chromosome.