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Contrastive focus reduplication, [1] also called contrastive reduplication, [1] identical constituent compounding, [2] [3] lexical cloning, [4] [5] or the double construction, is a type of syntactic reduplication found in some languages. Doubling a word or phrase – such as "do you like-like him?" – can indicate that the prototypical meaning ...
In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally , a closure is a record storing a function [ a ] together with an environment. [ 1 ]
These examples all only require lexical context, and while they complicate a lexer somewhat, they are invisible to the parser and later phases. A more complex example is the lexer hack in C, where the token class of a sequence of characters cannot be determined until the semantic analysis phase since typedef names and variable names are ...
The process of actually making another exact replica of the object instead of just its reference is called cloning. In most languages, the language or libraries can facilitate some sort of cloning. In Java, the Object class contains the clone() method, which copies the object and returns a reference to that copied object.
Tools have been written that automatically generate a lexer from a lexical specification written in regular expressions and a parser from the phrase grammar written in BNF: this allows one to use declarative programming, rather than need to have procedural or functional programming. A notable example is the lex-yacc pair.
The program is written using characters that are defined by the lexical structure of the language used. The character set is equivalent to the alphabet used by any written language. The lexical grammar lays down the rules governing how a character sequence is divided up into subsequences of characters, each part of which represents an ...
In this example by Cecchetto (2015), the verb "read" unambiguously labels the structure because "read" is a word, which means it is a probe by definition, in which "read" selects "the book". the bigger constituent generated by merging the word with the syntactic objects receives the label of the word itself, which allow us to label the tree as ...
In computer programming, the lexer hack is a solution to parsing context-sensitive grammars such as C, where classifying a sequence of characters as a variable name or a type name requires contextual information, by feeding contextual information backwards from the parser to the lexer.