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As the liquid (typically water) flows through the hole, the soil should erode and the hole will expand. The flow rate should be measured throughout the procedure. Directly after the test, the diameter of the hole should be measured. The hydraulic shear stress along the surface of the hole at time t can be calculated as: [1]
The sample tube is driven a total of 45 cm into the ground and the number of blows needed for the tube to penetrate each 15 cm (6 in) interval up to a depth of 45 cm (18 in) is recorded. The sum of the number of blows required for the second and third 15 cm (6 in) intervals of penetration is termed the "standard penetration resistance" or the ...
A percolation test consists of digging one or more holes in the soil of the proposed leach field to a specified depth, presoaking the holes by maintaining a high water level in the holes, then running the test by filling the holes to a specific level and timing the drop of the water level as the water percolates into the surrounding soil.
An example of lateral earth pressure overturning a retaining wall. The lateral earth pressure is the pressure that soil exerts in the horizontal direction. It is important because it affects the consolidation behavior and strength of the soil and because it is considered in the design of geotechnical engineering structures such as retaining walls, basements, tunnels, deep foundations and ...
A general bearing failure occurs when the load on the footing causes large movement of the soil on a shear failure surface which extends away from the footing and up to the soil surface. Calculation of the capacity of the footing in general bearing is based on the size of the footing and the soil properties.
The board foot or board-foot is a unit of measurement for the volume of lumber in the United States and Canada. [1] It equals the volume of a board that is one foot (30.5 cm) in length, one foot in width, and one inch (2.54 cm) in thickness, or exactly 2.359 737 216 liters .
If the soil particles in a sample are predominantly in a relatively narrow range of sizes, the sample is uniformly graded. If a soil sample has distinct gaps in the gradation curve, e.g., a mixture of gravel and fine sand, with no coarse sand, the sample may be gap graded. Uniformly graded and gap graded soils are both considered to be poorly ...
Most soils have a dry bulk density between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3 but organic soil and some porous clays may have a dry bulk density well below 1 g/cm 3. Core samples are taken by pushing a metallic cutting edge into the soil at the desired depth or soil horizon. The soil samples are then oven dried (often at 105 °C) until constant weight.