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A polycrystalline rod of ultrapure electronic-grade silicon is passed through an RF heating coil, which creates a localized molten zone from which the crystal ingot grows. A seed crystal is used at one end to start the growth. The whole process is carried out in an evacuated chamber or in an inert gas purge.
Zone melting (or zone refining, or floating-zone method, or floating-zone technique) is a group of similar methods of purifying crystals, in which a narrow region of a crystal is melted, and this molten zone is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer material solidified behind ...
Laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) or laser floating zone (LFZ) is a crystal growth technique. A narrow region of a crystal is melted with a powerful CO2 or YAG laser. The laser and hence the floating zone, is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer material solidified behind it.
The Czochralski method, also Czochralski technique or Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones.
As late as 1953—just five years before Carey [49] introduced the theory of plate tectonics—the theory of continental drift was rejected by the physicist Scheidegger on the following grounds. [50] First, it had been shown that floating masses on a rotating geoid would collect at the equator, and stay there.
The process can be carried out in a horizontal or vertical orientation, and usually involves a rotating crucible/ampoule to stir the melt. [ 1 ] The Bridgman method is a popular way of producing certain semiconductor crystals such as gallium arsenide , for which the Czochralski method is more difficult.
The term “blue zone” first appeared in a research study two decades ago in Experimental Gerontology, a scientific journal. The study examined centenarians, people who live 100 years or more ...
Another method is a “floating zone”, developed in 1964 by an Armenian scientist Khachatur Saakovich Bagdasarov, of the Russian (former Soviet) Institute of Crystallography, Moscow. Bagdasarov’s floating zone method was widely used to manufacture white YAG for spacecraft and submarine lighting, before the process found its way into jewelry ...