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  2. Kelvin bridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_bridge

    A Kelvin bridge, also called a Kelvin double bridge and in some countries a Thomson bridge, is a measuring instrument used to measure unknown electrical resistors below 1 ohm. It is specifically designed to measure resistors that are constructed as four terminal resistors.

  3. Water thread experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_thread_experiment

    The water generally travels from anode to cathode, but the direction may vary due to the different surface charge that builds up at the water bridge surface, which will generate electrical shear stresses of different signs. The bridge breaks into droplets due to capillary action when the beakers are pulled apart at a critical distance, or the ...

  4. Thermal lance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_lance

    A thermal lance, thermic lance, oxygen lance, or burning bar is a tool that heats and melts steel in the presence of pressurized oxygen to create very high temperatures for cutting. It consists of a long steel tube packed with alloy steel rods, which serve as fuel; these are sometimes mixed with aluminum rods to increase the heat output.

  5. Kelvin water dropper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_water_dropper

    The Kelvin water dropper, invented by Scottish scientist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) in 1867, [1] is a type of electrostatic generator. Kelvin referred to the device as his water-dropping condenser. The apparatus is variously called the Kelvin hydroelectric generator, the Kelvin electrostatic generator, or Lord Kelvin's thunderstorm.

  6. Contact resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_resistance

    In the semiconductor industry, Cross-Bridge Kelvin Resistor(CBKR) structures are the mostly used test structures to characterize metal-semiconductor contacts in the Planar devices of VLSI technology. During the measurement process, force the current ( I {\displaystyle I} ) between contacts 1 and 2 and measure the potential deference between ...

  7. Capillary condensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_condensation

    Meniscus formation is dependent on the surface tension of the liquid and the shape of the capillary, as shown by the Young-Laplace equation. As with any liquid-vapor interface involving a meniscus, the Kelvin equation provides a relation for the difference between the equilibrium vapor pressure and the saturation vapor pressure.

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  9. Triple point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_point

    A typical phase diagram.The solid green line applies to most substances; the dashed green line gives the anomalous behavior of water. In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. [1]