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Squeeze flow rheometry allows for evaluation of polymers under wide ranges of temperatures, shear rates, and flow indexes. Parallel plate plastometers provide analysis for high viscosity materials such as rubber and glass, cure times for epoxy resins, and fiber-filled suspension flows. [ 6 ]
The du Noüy–Padday method is a minimized version of the du Noüy ring method replacing the large platinum ring with a thin rod that is used to measure equilibrium surface tension or dynamic surface tension at an air–liquid interface. In this method, the rod is oriented perpendicular to the interface, and the force exerted on it is measured.
The Vortex lattice method, (VLM), is a numerical method used in computational fluid dynamics, mainly in the early stages of aircraft design and in aerodynamic education at university level. The VLM models the lifting surfaces, such as a wing , of an aircraft as an infinitely thin sheet of discrete vortices to compute lift and induced drag .
A classical torsion wire-based du Noüy ring tensiometer. The arrow on the left points to the ring itself. The most common correction factors include Zuidema–Waters correction factors (for liquids with low interfacial tension), Huh–Mason correction factors (which cover a wider range than Zuidema–Waters), and Harkins–Jordan correction factors (more precise than Huh–Mason, while still ...
The term "occlusion" is used to measure the amount of squeeze. It is either expressed as a percentage of twice the wall thickness, or as an absolute amount of the wall that is squeezed. Let g = minimum gap between the roller and the housing, t = wall thickness of the tubing. Then y = 2t − g, when expressed as the absolute amount of squeeze,
If complete wetting is assumed (contact angle = 0), no correction factors are required to calculate surface tensions when using the Wilhelmy plate, unlike for a du Noüy ring. In addition, because the plate is not moved during measurements, the Wilhelmy plate allows accurate determination of surface kinetics on a wide range of timescales, and ...
Lock nut, lock-ring, or thimble lock: The knurled component (or lever) that one can tighten to hold the spindle stationary, such as when momentarily holding a measurement. Thimble: The component that one's thumb turns. Screw: (Not visible) The heart of the micrometer, as explained under "Operating principles". It is inside the barrel.
When field inspection is not possible, the best method to determine n is to use photographs of river channels where n has been determined using Gauckler–Manning's formula. The friction coefficients across weirs and orifices are less subjective than n along a natural (earthen, stone or vegetated) channel reach.
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