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The highest rates of serious HPIV illnesses occur among young children, and surveys have shown that about 75% of children aged 5 or older have antibodies to HPIV-1. [citation needed] For infants and young children, it has been estimated that about 25% will develop "clinically significant disease". [17]
Croup (/ k r uː p / KROOP), also known as croupy cough, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus. [2] The infection leads to swelling inside the trachea, which interferes with normal breathing and produces the classic symptoms of "barking/brassy" cough, inspiratory stridor and a hoarse voice. [2]
parainfluenza (PIV) infection; pertussis; poliomyelitis; prenatal Listeria; Group B streptoccus infection; Tay–Sachs disease; tetanus; Ureaplasma urealyticum infection; respiratory Syncytial Virus infection; rhinovirus; common cold
The human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) are the second most common causes of respiratory tract disease in infants and children. There are four types of HPIVs, known as HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3 and HPIV-4. HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 may cause cold-like symptoms, along with croup in children.
Cases disproportionately occur in children, but most severe causes are among the elderly, the very young, [1] and the immunocompromised. [4] In a typical year, influenza viruses infect 5–15% of the global population, [ 3 ] [ 62 ] causing 3–5 million cases of severe illness annually [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and accounting for 290,000–650,000 deaths ...
A 22-year-old man received a double lung transplant earlier this month after being on life support for 70 days. Jackson Allard, a North Dakota resident, went to the emergency room for a stomach ...
Suggested vaccines include canine influenza, Bordetella and canine parainfluenza. Experts also suggest keeping dogs away from communal spaces such as dog parks, boarding facilities and groomers.
H. parainfluenzae biotypes I and II are capable of natural genetic transformation. [3] Natural genetic transformation is a bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer. In order for a bacterium to bind, take up and recombine exogenous DNA into its genome it must enter a special physiological state termed natural competence.