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The main treaty was opened for signature on 1 December 1959, and officially entered into force on 23 June 1961. [4] The original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [1]
The Antarctic Treaty specifically prohibits military activity on land or ice shelves below 60°S. While the use of nuclear weapons is absolutely prohibited, the Treaty does not apply to naval activity within these bounds (in the Southern Ocean) so long as it takes place on the high seas.
According to the most widely spread version of current flat-Earth theory, NASA is guarding the Antarctic ice wall that surrounds Earth. [95] Flat-Earthers argue that NASA manipulates and fabricates its satellite images , based on observations that the color of the oceans changes from image to image and that continents seem to be in different ...
Cape Royds is an ice free area at the western extremity of Ross Island, approximately 40km to the south of Cape Bird and 35 km to the north of Hut Point Peninsula on Ross Island. The area is one of the principal sites of the Heroic Age of Antarctic exploration and it contains historic structures and relics pertaining to this era.
The site of the ice cave where Victor Campbell's Northern Party wintered has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 14), following a proposal by New Zealand to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. A wooden sign, a plaque and seal bones remain at the site. [4]
The William Glacier in Antarctica partially collapsed in the same week as Antarctica's hottest recorded day at 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
The David Glacier flows eastward in a broad stream that gradually narrows towards the coast. [3] The northern flow drains from Talos Dome to the Ross Sea, but the main branch of the stream is fed by a network of tributaries which drain a common area of the inner plateau around Dome C and converge in a spectacular icefall known as the David Cauldron.
Upload another image HSM-2 Fukushima's Rock Cairn Rock cairn and plaques at Syowa Station in memory of Shin Fukushima, a member of the 4th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, who died in October 1960 while performing official duties. The cairn was erected on 11 January 1961, by his colleagues. Some of his ashes repose in the cairn. (1972) Rec VII-9 69°00′00″S 39°35′00″E ...