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A voluntary export restraint (VER) or voluntary export restriction is a measure by which the government or an industry in the importing country arranges with the government or the competing industry in the exporting country for a restriction on the volume of the latter's exports of one or more products.
Export restrictions, or a restriction on exportation, are limitations on the quantity of goods exported to a specific country or countries by a Government. Export restrictions could be aimed at achieving diverse policy objectives such as environmental protection, economic welfare, social wellbeing, conversion of natural resources, and controlling inflationary pressures.
Orderly marketing arrangements are included under voluntary restraint agreements; however voluntary restraint agreements may also pertain to trade agreements made between industries and governments. The Consumers Union distinguishes binding from non-binding as government to industry arrangements and government to government arrangements.
This category includes global quotas with respect to specific countries, seasonal quotas, and so-called "voluntary export restraints". Quantitative controls on foreign trade transactions are carried out through one-time license. Quantitative restrictions on imports and exports are direct administrative forms of government regulation of foreign ...
Prior to 1939, there were no records of restrictions on the import of cotton textiles. However, following the Second World War, limitations on cotton textiles imports were first imposed through voluntary export restraints. Both the United States and United Kingdom adopted this approach.
Denied trade screening – Screening parties to an export transaction; Free economic zone (includes Free Port). Free trade – Absence of government restriction on international trade; Free-trade area – a region encompassing a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free trade agreement. Such agreements involve cooperation between at ...
A trade restriction is an artificial restriction on the trade of goods and/or services between two or more countries.It is the byproduct of protectionism.However, the term is controversial because what one part may see as a trade restriction another may see as a way to protect consumers from inferior, harmful or dangerous products.
Section 301 cases can be self-initiated by the United States Trade Representative (USTR) or as the result of a petition filed by a firm or industry group.. As an amendment by section 1302 of the Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act, Super 301 required the USTR for 1989 and 1990 to issue a report on its trade priorities and to identify priority foreign countries that practiced unfair ...