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This combination can lead to vitamin K deficiency and later onset bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the risk of blood coagulation problems due to impaired production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C and protein S by the liver. More rarely VKDB can be caused by maternal medicines causing vitamin K deficiency in the newborn. [2]
Therefore, the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that 0.5 to 1.0 mg Vitamin K 1 be administered to all newborns shortly after birth. [4] Postmenopausal and elderly women in Thailand have a high risk of Vitamin K 2 deficiency, compared with the normal value of young, reproductive females. [5]
Some parents may refuse the vitamin K shot given at birth to help reduce risk of HDN, and in these cases oral vitamin K can be administered. This alternative is evaluated on a case-by-case basis as there are no guidelines for oral vitamin K for infants in the U.S. [ 22 ] Vitamin K supplementation via the oral route of administration may require ...
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Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. [1] The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish koagulation, for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. [2]
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is the largest professional association of pediatricians in the United States. [1] It is headquartered in Itasca, Illinois , and maintains an office in Washington, D.C. [ 2 ] The AAP has published hundreds of policy statements, ranging from advocacy issues to practice recommendations.
Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is an enzyme (EC 1.17.4.4) that reduces vitamin K after it has been oxidised in the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in blood coagulation enzymes. VKOR is a member of a large family of predicted enzymes that are present in vertebrates, Drosophila , plants, bacteria and archaea . [ 1 ]
Vitamin K 2 or menaquinone (MK) (/ ˌ m ɛ n ə ˈ k w ɪ n oʊ n /) is one of three types of vitamin K, the other two being vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone) and K 3 . K 2 is both a tissue and bacterial product (derived from vitamin K 1 in both cases) and is usually found in animal products or fermented foods .