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A pipelay barge, or lay barge, is used to lay submarine pipelines by welding pipe sections to the pipeline on board, inspecting and coating the joint, and lowering the assembled part to the seabed over a projecting supporting structure called a stinger which guides the pipe and controls the curve at the end of the barge (overbend) in a more or ...
The construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System included over 800 miles (1,300 km) of oil pipeline, 12 pump stations, and a new tanker port.Built largely on permafrost during 1975–77 between Prudhoe Bay and Valdez, Alaska, the $8 billion effort required tens of thousands of people, often working in extreme temperatures and conditions, the invention of specialized construction techniques ...
This is a list of welding processes, separated into their respective categories. The associated N reference numbers (second column) are specified in ISO 4063 (in the European Union published as EN ISO 4063 ). [ 1 ]
Oxygen arc cutting and arc welding underwater requires greater skill and stamina than working in a dry and stable environment. The underwater environment imposes several limitations and restrictions on both the equipment and the operator, and the restriction of short bottom times at greater depths for surface-oriented divers makes efficient working important to getting the job done in a ...
Heating practices for pipe and tube AWS D10.11: Root pass welding for pipe AWS D10.12: Pipe welding (mild steel) AWS D10.13: Tube brazing (copper) AWS D10.18: Pipe welding (stainless steel) AWS D11.2: Welding (cast iron) AWS D14.1: Industrial mill crane welding AWS D14.3: Earthmoving & agricultural equipment welding AWS D14.4: Machinery joint ...
Other arc welding processes include atomic hydrogen welding, electroslag welding (ESW), electrogas welding, and stud arc welding. [46] ESW is a highly productive, single-pass welding process for thicker materials between 1 inch (25 mm) and 12 inches (300 mm) in a vertical or close to vertical position.
These include: Tested welding consumables (ISO 15610), Previous welding experience (ISO 15611), Standard welding procedure (ISO 15612) and Preproduction welding test (ISO 15613). In the oil and gas pipeline sector, the American Petroleum Institute API 1104 standard is used almost exclusively worldwide. API 1104 accepts the definitions of the ...
The core pipeline itself, which is commonly called the Alaska pipeline, trans-Alaska pipeline, or Alyeska pipeline, (or The pipeline as referred to by Alaskan residents), is an 800-mile (1,287 km) long, 48-inch (1.22 m) diameter pipeline that conveys oil from Prudhoe Bay, on Alaska's North Slope, south to Valdez, on the shores of Prince William ...