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In software engineering, CI/CD or CICD is the combined practices of continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD) or, less often, continuous deployment. [1] They are sometimes referred to collectively as continuous development or continuous software development.
Buildbot – Continuous integration testing framework; CruiseControl – Software continuous build framework; Go continuous delivery – Open source, cross-platform; GitLab Runner – Continuous integration; GitHub Actions – Free continuous integration service for open-source projects; Hudson – Continuous integration tool
There are various tools that help accomplish all or part of this process. [9] These tools are part of the deployment pipeline which includes continuous delivery. The types of tools that execute various parts of the process include: continuous integration, application release automation, build automation, application lifecycle management. [10]
Build-automation tools allow for sequencing the tasks of building software via a non-interactive interface. Existing tools such as Make can be used via custom configuration file or command-line parameters. Custom tools such as shell scripts can also be used. Some tools, such as shell scripts, are task-oriented declarative programming. They ...
Continuous Integration: Improving Software Quality and Reducing Risk. ISBN 9780321630148. {}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ; Ching, Maria Odea; Porter, Brett (2009-09-15). Apache Maven 2 Effective Implementation: Build and Manage Applications with Maven, Continuum, and Archiva. Packt Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781847194558.
Many build tools are supported via their respective plugins. Plugins can also change the way Jenkins looks or add new functionality. There are a set of plugins dedicated for the purpose of unit testing that generate test reports in various formats (for example, JUnit bundled with Jenkins, MSTest , NUnit , etc. [ 20 ] ) and automated testing ...
The tools can model and manage cloud-based virtual resources, including virtual appliances, storage units, and software bundles. The roles and responsibilities of the actors have become merged as well with developers now being able to dynamically instantiate virtual servers and related resources.
The earliest known work (1989) on continuous integration was the Infuse environment developed by G. E. Kaiser, D. E. Perry, and W. M. Schell. [4]In 1994, Grady Booch used the phrase continuous integration in Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications (2nd edition) [5] to explain how, when developing using micro processes, "internal releases represent a sort of continuous integration ...