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[26] [27] During adolescence, on average 33 percent of males are estimated to exhibit signs of gynecomastia. [7] Gynecomastia in older men is estimated to be present in 24–65 percent of men between the ages of 50 and 80. Estimates on asymptomatic gynecomastia is about up to 70% in men aged 50 to 69 years. [26] [50]
Androgen deficiency is a medical condition characterized by insufficient androgenic activity in the body. Androgen deficiency most commonly affects women, and is also called Female androgen insufficiency syndrome (FAIS), although it can happen in both sexes.
It is also one of the signs of CHARGE syndrome. Examples of acquired causes of hypogonadism: [citation needed] Opioid Induced Androgen Deficiency (resulting from the prolonged use of opioid class drugs, e.g. codeine, Dihydrocodeine, morphine, oxycodone, methadone, fentanyl, hydromorphone, etc.) Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism (ASIH)
Antiestrogens include selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen, clomifene, and raloxifene, the ER silent antagonist and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) fulvestrant, [6] [7] aromatase inhibitors (AIs) like anastrozole, and antigonadotropins including androgens/anabolic steroids, progestogens, and GnRH analogues.
[2] [3] The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). [2] [6] It has strong androgenic effects and weak anabolic effects, which make it useful for producing masculinization. [2] The drug has no ...
Estrogenic side effects such as gynecomastia and fluid retention can also occur. [1] Case reports of gynecomastia exist. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] As with other 17α-alkylated steroids, methandienone poses a risk of hepatotoxicity and use over extended periods of time can result in liver damage without appropriate precautions.
[28] [33] [34] In one study, 89% of those who developed gynecomastia and 98% of those who developed breast pain did so within the first 6 months. [33] Of those who developed gynecomastia, around 55% did so in the first 3 months, around 35% between 3 and 6 months, and 10% after more than 6 months. [33]
This is a list of androgens/anabolic steroids (AAS) or testosterone derivatives. Androgen esters are mostly not included in this list. The major classes of testosterone derivatives include the following (as well as combinations thereof):