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A coil of catgut cello string.. Catgut (also known as gut) is a type of cord [1] that is prepared from the natural fiber found in the walls of animal intestines. [2] Catgut makers usually use sheep or goat intestines, but occasionally use the intestines of cattle, [3] hogs, horses, mules, or donkeys. [4]
Gut strings were being used in surgery as medical sutures as early as the 3rd century AD as Galen, a prominent Greek physician from the Roman Empire, is known to have used them. [ 4 ] Al-Zahrawi (936–1013) was the first to use catgut for internal stitches.
The 2nd-century Roman physician Galen described sutures made of surgical gut or catgut. [27] In the 10th century, the catgut suture along with the surgery needle were used in operations by Abulcasis. [28] [29] The gut suture was similar to that of strings for violins, guitars, and tennis racquets and it involved harvesting sheep or cow ...
Although such strings were commonly referred to as "catgut" strings, cats were never used as a source for gut strings. [56] Sheep gut was the original source for natural gut string used in racquets, such as for tennis. Today, synthetic strings are much more common, but the best gut strings are now made out of cow gut. Gut cord has also been ...
From the inner cavity of the gut (the lumen) outwards, these are the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscular layer and the serosa or adventitia. The mucosa is the innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract. It surrounds the lumen of the tract and comes into direct contact with digested food .
Kevlar is the stiffest, most durable synthetic string available, [14] and is thus extremely hard to break. Although it is one of the best strings in terms of tension holding capability (next to natural gut), it is the most dangerous string when it comes to developing tennis elbow.
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