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An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus. [1] They may have a large flat base or be attached to the uterus by an elongated pedicle (pedunculated). [2] [3] Pedunculated polyps are more common than sessile ones. [4] They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. [3]
Pyometra is a result of hormonal and structural changes in the uterus lining. This can happen at any age, regardless of how many heat cycles have occurred or previous pregnancies (or lack thereof), although it becomes more common as the dog gets older. The main risk period for a female is for eight weeks after her peak standing heat has ended. [2]
Female dogs bleed during estrus, which usually lasts from 7–13 days, depending on the size and maturity of the dog. Ovulation occurs 24–48 hours after the luteinizing hormone peak, which occurs around the fourth day of estrus; therefore, this is the best time to begin breeding.
Endometrial atrophy, uterine fibroids, and endometrial cancer are common causes of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. About 10% of cases are due to endometrial cancer. [ 35 ] Uterine fibroids are benign tumors made of muscle cells and other tissues located in and around the wall of the uterus . [ 36 ]
Cancers of the vagina or fallopian tubes are rare causes of hemorrhage. Uterine fibroids represent a common, benign condition that may lead to bleeding, specifically if the lesion affects the uterine cavity. Polyps of the uterine lining are a common cause of bleeding, but such bleeding tends to be light.
Endometritis is inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). [6] Symptoms may include fever, lower abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. [1] [4] It is the most common cause of infection after childbirth. [7] [1] It is also part of spectrum of diseases that make up pelvic inflammatory disease. [8]
It was later removed from the market due to a high risk of cystic endometrial hyperplasia and uterine infection. [4] Another progestin-based drug, megestrol acetate, was also found to be effective in prevention of oestrus in female dogs, [4] but required administration at specific time intervals, making it unsuitable for feral animals. [1]
A number of other terms have been used to describe the condition and related conditions including: uterine/cervical atresia, traumatic uterine atrophy, sclerotic endometrium, and endometrial sclerosis. [3] There is not any one cause of AS. Risk factors can include myomectomy, cesarean section, infections, age, genital tuberculosis, and obesity ...