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Bulk loaded liquid propellants are an artillery technology that was pursued at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and U.S. Naval Weapons Center from the 1950s through the 1990s. The advantages would be simpler guns and a wider range of tactical and logistic options.
The 105×617mm (4.1 inch), also known as 105×617mmR, is a common, NATO-standard, tank gun cartridge used in 105 mm guns such as those derived from the Royal Ordnance L7. The 105×617mmR cartridge was originally developed from the 84 mm (3.3 in) calibre Ordnance QF 20-pounder 84 × 618R cartridge as part of the development of the L7 105 mm ...
The lower power and shorter range of 105 mm (4.1 in) ammunition has led to its obsolescence in full-sized self-propelled guns, such as the American M108 howitzer and British FV433 Abbot SPG. China, North Korea, Russia, and other former Soviet bloc countries use 122 mm (4.8 in) and 130 mm (5.1 in) calibre weapons in similar roles.
The Army had an intention to replace all 75 mm gun-howitzers in its divisional and non-divisional field artillery regiments with 105 mm pieces, but a lack of appropriations stalled the idea and eventually forced it to be completely abandoned by 1929; a limited plan developed in 1925 envisioned re-equipping three regiments, but by 1933, only 14 ...
The bore was commonly described as being 106 mm caliber but is in fact 105 mm; the 106 mm designation was intended to prevent confusion with incompatible 105 mm ammunition from the failed M27. [17] The air-cooled, breech-loaded , single-shot rifle fired fixed ammunition and was used primarily from a wheeled ground mount or M92 ground mount. [ 20 ]
This was done to maintain training levels of Guard units as well as using a commonality in ammunition amongst tanks. The M60A1 and A3 variants of the M60 series [11] and earliest pre-production XM1 prototypes of the M1 Abrams tanks [12] are armed with the M68E1 variant of the gun. The M68E1 gun shares the same firing characteristics as the M68.
After the Vietnam War the 105mm tank gun M68 was also provided APER-T ammunition M494. APERS-T rounds in 40×46 mm were also available for the M79, M203, and M320 grenade launchers. Subsequently, it was reported that the USSR had developed similar rounds for 122 mm and 152 mm artillery for use in indirect fire .
The ammunition to be used was the 105 mm Fd Mk 2 ammunition used in the L13 ordnance of the gun equipment 105 mm L109 (better known as the "Abbot self-propelled gun"). This ammunition uses electrical instead of percussion primers and is an entirely different design from the US M1 type ammunition as used in the L5 pack howitzer.