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Burning of rice residues in southeast Punjab, India, prior to wheat season. Agricultural waste consists mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. [7] Agricultural waste is poorly digestible and in unprocessed form not widely suitable as animal feed. [8] Sometimes, agricultural waste is burnt, either as biomass in power plants or simply on ...
Crop residues are waste materials generated by agriculture. The two types are: Field residues are materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. These residues include stalks and stubble (stems), leaves and seed pods. Good management of field residues can increase efficiency of irrigation and control of ...
DDT was banned for agricultural use in 1972 and the others in 2001. Persistent pesticides are no longer used for agriculture, and will not be approved by the authorities. [8] [9] Because the half life in soil is long (for DDT 2–15 years [10]) residues can still be detected in humans at levels 5 to 10 times lower than found in the 1970s. [11]
Examples include wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues including straw, and organic waste from industry and households. [1] Wood and wood residues is the largest biomass energy source today. Wood can be used as a fuel directly or processed into pellet fuel or other forms of fuels.
Second-generation biofuels are made from different feedstocks and therefore may require different technology to extract useful energy from them. Second generation feedstocks include lignocellulosic biomass or woody crops, agricultural residues or waste, as well as dedicated non-food energy crops grown on marginal land unsuitable for food ...
Swiss Kompogas and the Danish AIKAN process are examples of anaerobic digestion of biodegradable waste. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] While incineration can recover the most energy, anaerobic digestion plants retain nutrients and make compost for soil amendment and still recover some of the contained energy in the form of biogas .
Agricultural wastewater treatment is a farm management agenda for controlling pollution from confined animal operations and from surface runoff that may be contaminated by chemicals in fertilizer, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation water. Agricultural wastewater treatment is required for continuous confined animal operations ...
Herbicide residue in food has been raised as a concern. Residue quantities are regulated by Codex Alimentarius of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. [25] In July 2013 Austria banned the use of pre-harvest glyphosate citing the precautionary principle. [26]