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In watercraft, roll is the rotation around the ships longitudinal (front-back or bow-stern) axis. Heel refers to an offset from normal on this axis that is intentional or expected, as caused by wind pressure on sails, turning, or other crew actions.
An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as list or heel. Heel refers to an offset that is intentional or expected, as caused by wind pressure on sails, turning, or other crew actions. The rolling motion towards a steady state (or list) angle due to the ship's own weight distribution is referred in marine engineering as list.
Reactive forces on sailing craft include forward resistance—sailboat's hydrodynamic resistance (R l), an ice boat's sliding resistance or a land sailing craft's rolling resistance in the direction of travel—which are to be minimized in order to increase speed, and lateral force, perpendicular to the direction of travel, which is to be made ...
The shear rate at the inner wall of a Newtonian fluid flowing within a pipe [2] is ˙ =, where: ˙ is the shear rate, measured in reciprocal seconds; v is the linear fluid velocity; d is the inside diameter of the pipe.
For a fully filled duct or pipe whose cross-section is a convex regular polygon, the hydraulic diameter is equivalent to the diameter of a circle inscribed within the wetted perimeter. This can be seen as follows: The N {\displaystyle N} -sided regular polygon is a union of N {\displaystyle N} triangles, each of height D / 2 {\displaystyle D/2 ...
It is often helpful to visualize the well as a U-shaped tube. Column Y of the tube represents the annulus, and column X represents the pipe (string) in the well. The bottom of the U-tube represents the bottom of the well. In most cases, fluids create hydrostatic pressure in both the pipe and annulus.
Calculating rolling returns isn’t difficult to do, and it’s something to consider if you’re focused on the long-term with your investment strategy. Tips for Investing.
This can be used to calculate mean values (expectations) of the flow rates, head losses or any other variables of interest in the pipe network. This analysis has been extended using a reduced-parameter entropic formulation, which ensures consistency of the analysis regardless of the graphical representation of the network. [ 3 ]