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Nav finder and underwater compass – basic underwater navigation tools Suunto SK-7 diving compass in aftermarket wrist mount with bungee straps. Diver navigation, termed "underwater navigation" by scuba divers, [1] is a set of techniques—including observing natural features, the use of a compass, and surface observations—that divers use to navigate underwater.
It was founded in Durham, North Carolina, in 1980 at Duke University to provide 24/7 telephone diving medical assistance. Since then the organisation has expanded globally and now has independent regional organisations in North America , Europe , Japan , Asia-Pacific and Southern Africa .
Underwater diving can be described as all of the following: A human activity – intentional, purposive, conscious and subjectively meaningful sequence of actions. . Underwater diving is practiced as part of an occupation, or for recreation, where the practitioner submerges below the surface of the water or other liquid for a period which may range between seconds to the order of a day at a ...
The visual inspection requirement is a diving industry standard based on observations made during a review by the National Underwater Accident Data Center. [7] In European Union countries a visual inspection is required every two and a half years, and a hydrostatic test every five years. [8] [9]
Diving stage used to control ascents and descents of surface-supplied divers. In underwater diving, ascending and descending is done using strict protocols to avoid problems caused by the changes in ambient pressure and the hazards of obstacles near the surface such as collision with vessels.
Scientific diving is any diving undertaken in the support of science, so activities are widely varied and may include visual counts and measurements of organisms in situ, collection of samples, surveys, photography, videography, video mosaicing, benthic coring, coral coring, placement, maintenance and retrieval of scientific equipment.
Open-water diving implies that if a problem arises, the diver can directly ascend vertically to the atmosphere to breathe the ambient air. [7] Wall diving is done along a near vertical face. Blue-water diving is done in good visibility in mid-water where the bottom is out of sight of the diver and there may be no fixed visual reference. [ 8 ]
Surface supplied commercial diving equipment on display at a trade show. Commercial diving may be considered an application of professional diving where the diver engages in underwater work for industrial, construction, engineering, maintenance or other commercial purposes which are similar to work done out of the water, and where the diving is usually secondary to the work.