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Lists of all drugs that have received orphan status in the United States and Europe are available from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission, respectively: FDA List of Orphan Designations and Approvals [dead link ] European Commission Register of designated Orphan Medicinal Products
According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an orphan drug is defined as one "intended for the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of a rare disease or condition, which is one that affects less than 200,000 persons in the US" (which equates to approximately 6 cases per 10,000 population) "or meets cost recovery provisions of the act".
inducing pioneering research and development of new drugs and; enabling competitors to bring low-cost, generic copies of those drugs to market'". [1] The Orange Book identifies drug products approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
In contrast, the decade prior to 1983 saw fewer than ten such products come to market. From the passage of the ODA in 1983 until May 2010, the FDA approved 353 orphan drugs and granted orphan designations to 2,116 compounds. As of 2010, 200 of the roughly 7,000 officially designated orphan diseases have become treatable. [13]
An FDA decision not to grant fast track status, or any other general dispute, may be appealed to the division responsible for reviewing the application within the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. The drug sponsor can subsequently utilize the Agency's procedures for internal review or dispute resolution if necessary.
The FDA granted the application for belzutifan orphan drug designation. [18] Merck announced in May 2019, that it had acquired Peloton Therapeutics for the development of novel small-molecule therapeutic candidates targeting HIF-2, with belzutifan as the lead candidate. The purchase was completed in July 2019.
A priority review designation is given to drugs that offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. The 2002 amendments to PDUFA set a goal that a standard review of a new drug application be accomplished within a ten-month time frame. The FDA goal for completing a priority review is six months.
Rilonacept was given an orphan drug designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is used for the treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle–Wells syndrome. [3] [6] Rilonacept is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat recurrent pericarditis. [3]