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A firebreak or double track (also called a fire line, fuel break, fireroad and firetrail in Australia) is a gap in vegetation or other combustible material that acts as a barrier to slow or stop the progress of a bushfire or wildfire. A firebreak may occur naturally where there is an absence of vegetation or "fuel", such as a river, lake or canyon.
The branch lines may terminate in a dead end or may connect at each end to different (usually opposite) points on the looped main. In the latter case, less water supply pressure is required as the hydraulic pressure drop is lower in the branch pipe as water flows from both ends of the branch line to any sprinkler.
Crews and managers must always monitor the fire and consider safety. They will often designate one or two crew members to act as a lookout. This person generally has a few years of experience and is placed at a location where they can see a large portion of the fire. For larger fires there are multiple lookouts positioned around the entire fire.
External access point for fire sprinkler and dry standpipe at a building in San Francisco, US Antique wet standpipe preserved at Edison and Ford Winter Estates. A standpipe or riser is a type of rigid water piping which is built into multi-story buildings in a vertical position, or into bridges in a horizontal position, to which fire hoses can be connected, allowing manual application of water ...
The Essentials of Fire Fighting is the required training manual used in countless local fire departments and state/provincial training agencies in every region of the United States and Canada. Since the release of the first edition of this manual in 1978, more than 2.5 million copies of the Essentials of Fire Fighting have been distributed to ...
IFSTA committee members provide the technical review and validation of the manuals. Fire Protection Publications researches, acquires, produces, and distributes these manuals. A partial list of validated training manuals produced by FPP under the IFSTA imprint include: Essentials of Fire Fighting; Fire and Emergency Services Company Officer
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Supply lines, used to supply firefighting apparatus with water, are frequently found in 3 + 1 ⁄ 2, 4, 4 + 1 ⁄ 2, 5 and 6-inch diameters. There are several systems available for repairing holes in fire hoses, the most common being the Stenor Merlin, which offer patching materials for Type 1, 2, and 3 hoses. The patches come in two different ...