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The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is one of several ligaments on the medial aspect of the knee. It originates in the superomedial aspect of the patella and inserts in the space between the adductor tubercle and the medial femoral epicondyle. The ligament itself extends from the femur to the superomedial patella, and its shape is similar ...
In medicine, Clarke's test (also known as the Osmond-Clarke test or patellar grind test) is a component of knee examination which may be used to test for patellofemoral pain syndrome, chondromalacia patellae, patellofemoral arthritis, or anterior knee pain. It is not a standard part of the knee examination but is used to diagnose anterior knee ...
[2] [4] Pain may worsen with sitting down with a bent knee for long periods of time, excessive use, or climbing and descending stairs. [1] [5] While the exact cause is unclear, it is believed to be due to overuse. [1] [2] Risk factors include trauma, increased training, and a weak quadriceps muscle. [1] It is particularly common among runners. [3]
Patellar subluxation syndrome is an injury involving the kneecap.Patellar subluxation is more common than patellar dislocation and is just as disabling. [1]In this condition, the patella repetitively subluxates and places strain on the medial restraints and excessive stress/tension on the patellofemoral joint.
The cartilage is no longer smooth and therefore movement and use is very painful. [1] While it often affects young individuals engaged in active sports, it also afflicts older adults who overwork their knees. [2] [3] Chondromalacia patellae is sometimes used synonymously with patellofemoral pain syndrome. [4]
In the adult the articular surface is about 12 cm 2 (1.9 sq in) and covered by cartilage, which can reach a maximal thickness of 6 mm (0.24 in) in the centre at about 30 years of age. Owing to the great stress on the patellofemoral joint during resisted knee flexion, the articular cartilage of the patella is among the thickest in the human body.
The patellar tendon is a strong, flat ligament, which originates on the apex of the patella distally and adjoining margins of the patella and the rough depression on its posterior surface; below, it inserts on the tuberosity of the tibia; its superficial fibers are continuous over the front of the patella with those of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris.
Patellar tendon rupture [2] Risk factors: Jumping sports, being overweight [1] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms and examination [2] Differential diagnosis: Chondromalacia patella, Osgood-Schlatter disease, patellofemoral syndrome, infrapatellar bursitis [1] [2] Treatment: Rest, physical therapy [2] Prognosis: Recovery can be slow [2 ...