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Pronunciation follows convention outside the medical field, in which acronyms are generally pronounced as if they were a word (JAMA, SIDS), initialisms are generally pronounced as individual letters (DNA, SSRI), and abbreviations generally use the expansion (soln. = "solution", sup. = "superior").
The term "Rh Disease" is commonly used to refer to HDFN due to anti-D antibodies, and prior to the discovery of anti-Rh o (D) immune globulin, it was the most common type of HDFN. The disease ranges from mild to severe, and occurs in the second or subsequent pregnancies of Rh-D negative women when the biologic father is Rh-D positive.
Doss porphyria/ALA dehydratase deficiency/Plumboporphyria (the disease is known by multiple names) DPT Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus: DRSP disease Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae disease DS Down syndrome: DSPS Delayed sleep phase syndrome: DTs Delirium tremens: DVD Developmental verbal dyspraxia: DVT Deep vein thrombosis
Hodgkin disease Hemodialysis Huntington's disease: HDL: high-density lipoprotein: HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol HDN: hemolytic disease of the newborn: HDS: hemodynamically stable (i.e., not bleeding) HDU: high dependency unit: HDV: hepatitis D virus: HDW: Hemoglobin Distribution Width: H&E: hematoxylin and eosin, a standard tissue ...
It is estimated that less than 1ml of fetal blood is lost to the maternal circulation during normal labour in around 96% of normal deliveries. [1] [2] The loss of this small amount of blood may however be a sensitising event and stimulate antibody production to the foetal red blood cells, an example of which is Rhesus disease of the newborn.
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Hypercoagulability in pregnancy is the propensity of pregnant women to develop thrombosis (blood clots) such as a deep vein thrombosis with a potential subsequent pulmonary embolism. Pregnancy itself is a factor of hypercoagulability (pregnancy-induced hypercoaguability), as a physiologically adaptive mechanism to prevent post partum bleeding. [7]
Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by the new onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine or by the new onset of high blood pressure along with significant end-organ damage, with or without the proteinuria.