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A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution, organization, or state, in which members have a share of power. [2] Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities of their citizens that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government: to intervene in society and have their sovereign (e.g., their representatives) held ...
Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (/ ˈ v ɪər k oʊ, ˈ f ɪər x oʊ / VEER-koh, FEER-khoh; [1] German: [ˈʁuːdɔlf ˈvɪʁço,-ˈfɪʁço]; [2] [3] 13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician.
Cosmopolitan democracy, also known as global democracy or world federalism, is a political system in which democracy is implemented on a global scale, either directly or through representatives. An important justification for this kind of system is that the decisions made in national or regional democracies often affect people outside the ...
John Dewey (/ ˈ d uː i /; October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer.He was one of the most prominent American scholars in the first half of the twentieth century.
Ancient Athens was the cradle [clarification needed] of democracy. [10] The Athenian assembly (ἐκκλησία ekklesia) was the most important institution, and every male of Athenian citizenship above the age of thirty could take part in the discussions; however, no women, no men under the age of thirty, and none of the many thousands of slaves were allowed to participate.
The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
The primary focus of Democracy in America is an analysis of why republican representative democracy has succeeded in the United States while failing in so many other places. Tocqueville seeks to apply the functional aspects of democracy in the United States to what he sees as the failings of democracy in his native France.
"History is past politics and politics present history" was the motto of the first generation of American political scientists, 1882–1900. The motto had been coined by the Oxford professor Edward Augustus Freeman , and was enshrined on the wall of the seminar room at Johns Hopkins University where the first large-scale training of America and ...