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Mitochondria. Pearson syndrome is a mitochondrial disease caused by a deletion in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). [3] An mtDNA is genetic material contained in the cellular organelle called the mitochondria. Depending on the tissue type, each cell contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria. There are 2–10 mtDNA molecules in each mitochondrion.
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome (MNGIE) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease. [2] It has been previously referred to as polyneuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, leukoencephalopathy, and intestinal pseudoobstruction (POLIP syndrome). [3] The disease presents in childhood, but often goes unnoticed for decades.
Mitochondrial encephalopathy is an umbrella term encompassing a variety of disorder that all result from disruptions in mitochondrial function. An overwhelming majority of genes that play a role in mitochondrial function are present within the nuclear DNA, with the remainder (13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs) being encoded by the ...
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS or MDDS), or Alper's disease, is any of a group of autosomal recessive disorders that cause a significant drop in mitochondrial DNA in affected tissues. Symptoms can be any combination of myopathic , hepatopathic , or encephalomyopathic . [ 1 ]
Mitochondrial myopathies are types of myopathies associated with mitochondrial disease. [1] Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), the chemical used to provide energy for the cell, cannot be produced sufficiently by oxidative phosphorylation when the mitochondrion is either damaged or missing necessary enzymes or transport proteins.
The mechanism of this condition indicates that the mitochondrial trifunction protein catalyzes 3 steps in mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids: long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD), long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase, and long-chain thiolase activities. Trifunctional protein deficiency is characterized by decreased activity of ...
The causes of MERRF syndrome are difficult to determine, but because it is a mitochondrial disorder, it can be caused by the mutation of nuclear DNA or mitochondrial DNA. [3] The classification of this disease varies from patient to patient, since many individuals do not fall into one specific disease category.
Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease that causes dystonia, parkinsonism, and iron accumulation in the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is caused by mutations to the gene C19orf12 , which has unknown function.