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In astronomy, the angular size or angle subtended by the image of a distant object is often only a few arcseconds (denoted by the symbol ″), so it is well suited to the small angle approximation. [6] The linear size (D) is related to the angular size (X) and the distance from the observer (d) by the simple formula:
A microsecond is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one millionth (0.000001 or 10 −6 or 1 ⁄ 1,000,000) of a second. Its symbol is μs, sometimes simplified to us when Unicode is not available. A microsecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 11.57 days.
In 1844, details of Whitworth's workshop micrometer were published. [6] This was described as having a strong frame of cast iron, the opposite ends of which were two highly finished steel cylinders, which traversed longitudinally by action of screws. The ends of the cylinders where they met was of hemispherical shape.
For example, a nominal interest rate of 6% compounded monthly is equivalent to an effective interest rate of 6.17%. 6% compounded monthly is credited as 6%/12 = 0.005 every month. After one year, the initial capital is increased by the factor (1 + 0.005) 12 ≈ 1.0617. Note that the yield increases with the frequency of compounding.
Alligation is an old and practical method of solving arithmetic problems related to mixtures of ingredients. There are two types of alligation: alligation medial, used to find the quantity of a mixture given the quantities of its ingredients, and alligation alternate, used to find the amount of each ingredient needed to make a mixture of a given quantity.
Planet Discovery method Mass (M J) Radius (R J) Density (g/cm 3) Orbital period ()Semimajor axis ()Orbital eccentricity Year of confirmation Ref. Earth (for reference): 0.003 15
For the even positive integers , one has the relationship to the Bernoulli numbers: = + (!). The computation of () is known as the Basel problem.The value of () is related to the Stefan–Boltzmann law and Wien approximation in physics.
In principle, the temperature of a star can be calculated directly from the B−V index, and there are several formulae to make this connection. [6] A good approximation can be obtained by considering stars as black bodies , using Ballesteros' formula [ 7 ] (also implemented in the PyAstronomy package for Python): [ 8 ]