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Mani stones are stone plates, rocks, or pebbles inscribed with the six-syllabled mantra of Avalokiteshvara [1] (Om mani padme hum, hence the name mani stone) as a form of prayer in Tibetan Buddhism. The term mani stone may also be used to refer to stones on which any mantra or devotional designs (such as ashtamangala ) are inscribed or painted.
14th century Goryeo painting of Ksitigarbha holding a cintamani Mani stone In Buddhism, the wish fulfilling jewel (Skt. maṇi , cintā-maṇi , cintāmaṇi-ratna ) is an important mythic symbol indicating a magical jewel that manifests one's wishes, including the curing of disease, purification of water, granting clothing, food, treasure etc.
The crystal seal of Mani (French: Sceau de Mani), also known as the crystal sealstone of Mani or the Manichean Rock-Crystal Seal, is a crystal stone seal with intaglio busts of three Manichean elect. There is a circle of Syriac writing around the intaglio, which could have been a personal seal used by Mani , the founder of Manichaeism . [ 1 ]
Mani was an Iranian [20] [21] [a] born in 216 CE in or near Ctesiphon (now al-Mada'in, Iraq) in the Parthian Empire. According to the Cologne Mani-Codex, [22] Mani's parents were members of the Jewish Christian Gnostic sect known as the Elcesaites. [23] Mani composed seven works, six of which were written in the late-Aramaic Syriac language.
The facial features of the prophet (arched eyebrows, fleshy jowls) are somewhat different from a traditional Chinese stone Buddha as well. [38] It is even said that the stone Mani the Buddha of Light used to have a mustache or sideburns, but they were removed by a 20th-century Buddhist monk, trying to make the statue more like a traditional Buddha.
However, the Mani Jewel metaphors were significantly expanded in Chinese language texts in which it was also called by essentially the same redundant name móní zhū, where the first two characters (摩尼; móní) are the transcription of mani and the third character (珠) is its Chinese translation, "jewel". The English phrase "Mani Jewel ...
Minka (Japanese: 民家, lit. "folk houses") are vernacular houses constructed in any one of several traditional Japanese building styles. In the context of the four divisions of society , Minka were the dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchants (i.e., the three non- samurai castes ). [ 1 ]
The beads, also described as "jewels", were made of primitive stone and earthen materials in the early period, but by the end of the Kofun period were made almost exclusively of jade. Magatama originally served as decorative jewelry, but by the end of the Kofun period functioned as ceremonial and religious objects.