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Antidepressants with a lower half-life, such as paroxetine, duloxetine, and venlafaxine, have been implicated in higher incidences of withdrawal symptoms and more severe withdrawal symptoms. [25] With SSRIs, duration of treatment does not appear associated with the severity of withdrawal symptoms. [24]
A 2014 meta analysis found no increased risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension associated with exposure to SSRI's in early pregnancy and a slight increase in risk associates with exposure late in pregnancy; "an estimated 286 to 351 women would need to be treated with an SSRI in late pregnancy to result in an average of one additional case of ...
SSRIs are modern antidepressants often used as a first-line treatment for major depressive disorder. Common SSRIs include Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline) and Lexapro (escitalopram ...
There is a high risk of withdrawal syndrome which may occur if the dose is decreased or the medication is completely stopped. [5] [8] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [9] Desvenlafaxine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2008. [5] In Europe its application for use was denied in 2009. [6]
Antidepressant exposure (including escitalopram) is associated with shorter duration of pregnancy (by three days), increased risk of preterm delivery (by 55%), lower birth weight (by 75 g), and lower Apgar scores (by <0.4 points). Antidepressant exposure is not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. [55]
Use of antidepressants during pregnancy may result in fetus abnormalities affecting functional development of the brain and behavior. [90] Studies have shown correlations between pregnant women treated with SNRIs and risk of hypertensive disorders, [91] preeclampsia, [92] miscarriage, [93] seizures in children, [94] and many other adverse affects.
Vilazodone may cause less emotional blunting than typical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). [6] A withdrawal syndrome may occur if the dose is rapidly decreased. [1] Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not generally recommended. [7]
For example, cocaine, which non-selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, is an SRI but not an SSRI. SRIs are used predominantly as antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, and TCAs), though they are also commonly used in the treatment of other psychological conditions such as anxiety disorders and eating disorders.