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Pectus carinatum, also called pigeon chest, is a malformation of the chest characterized by a protrusion of the sternum and ribs. It is distinct from the related malformation pectus excavatum . Signs and symptoms
Iatrogenic hemothorax resulting from the Nuss procedure. A showing no hemothorax, b showing hemothorax, and c showing resolution after treatment. Air in the chest (pneumothorax) is one of the more frequent complications. A chest tube may be required or aggressive breathing exercises and close monitoring may be adequate. [citation needed]
During chest compressions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is possible to fracture or dislodge the xiphoid process, potentially leading to punctures or lacerations of the diaphragm. Furthermore, inadvertent liver puncture resulting in life-threatening internal bleeding can occur.
Pectus carinatum, sternum protruding from the chest [10] In addition to measuring the patient's respiratory rate, the examiner will observe the patient's breathing pattern: A patient with metabolic acidosis will often demonstrate a rapid breathing pattern, known as Kussmaul breathing .
The sternum (pl.: sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage , thus helping to protect the heart , lungs , and major blood vessels from injury.
Signs and symptoms include crepitus (a crunching sound made when broken bone ends rub together), [1] pain, tenderness, bruising, and swelling over the fracture site. [4] The fracture may visibly move when the person breathes, and it may be bent or deformed, [4] potentially forming a "step" at the junction of the broken bone ends that is detectable by palpation. [3]
Sternal foramen (or perforated sternum) is an oval foramen present at lower one-third of the sternum. It is a relatively common anatomical variation found in 2.5% to 13.8% of individuals. [ 1 ]
The tube is extruded spontaneously after a few weeks to months, and the incision heals naturally. If there are complications, or the mastoiditis does not respond to the above treatments, it may be necessary to perform a mastoidectomy: a procedure in which a portion of the bone is removed and the infection drained. [4]