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A computer program commonly changes its control flow to make decisions and use different parts of the code. Such transfers may be direct, in that the target address is written in the code itself, or indirect, in that the target address itself is a variable in memory or a CPU register.
In July 2023 a critical vulnerability in the Zen 2 AMD microarchitecture called Zenbleed was made public. [59] AMD released a microcode update to fix it. [60] In August 2023 a vulnerability in AMD's Zen 1, Zen 2, Zen 3, and Zen 4 microarchitectures called Inception [61] [62] was revealed and assigned CVE-2023-20569. According to AMD it is not ...
Speculative execution exploit Variant 4, [8] is referred to as Speculative Store Bypass (SSB), [1] [9] and has been assigned CVE-2018-3639. [7] SSB is named Variant 4, but it is the fifth variant in the Spectre-Meltdown class of vulnerabilities.
In June 2022, multiple MMIO Intel CPUs vulnerabilities related to execution in virtual environments were announced. [51] The following CVEs were designated: CVE-2022-21123, CVE-2022-21125, CVE-2022-21166. In July 2022, the Retbleed vulnerability was disclosed affecting Intel Core 6 to 8th generation CPUs and AMD Zen 1, 1+ and 2 generation CPUs ...
Predictive execution is a form of speculative execution where some outcome is predicted and execution proceeds along the predicted path until the actual result is known. If the prediction is true, the predicted execution is allowed to commit; however, if there is a misprediction, execution has to be unrolled and re-executed.
In 2014, BlackEnergy 3 came equipped with a variety of plug-ins. [3] A Russian-based group known as Sandworm (aka Voodoo Bear) is attributed with using BlackEnergy targeted attacks. The attack is distributed via a Word document or PowerPoint attachment in an email, luring victims into clicking the seemingly legitimate file.
A common example is the use of toolsets to break out of a chroot or jail in UNIX-like operating systems [3] or bypassing digital rights management (DRM). In the former case, it allows the user to see files outside of the filesystem that the administrator intends to make available to the application or user in question.
Several computer systems introduced in the 1960s, such as the IBM System/360, DEC PDP-6/PDP-10, the GE-600/Honeywell 6000 series, and the Burroughs B5000 series and B6500 series, support two CPU modes; a mode that grants full privileges to code running in that mode, and a mode that prevents direct access to input/output devices and some other hardware facilities to code running in that mode.