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The Livonian War (1558–1583) concerned control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm , the Kingdom of Sweden , and the Union (later Commonwealth ) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland .
Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results 1558–1583 [1] Livonian War [1] Russian invasion of Livonia (1558–1560) [2] Lithuanian–Muscovite war (1562–1570) Truce 1570–1576; Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (1577–1582) [3] Livonian Confederation (1558–61, Lithuanian protectorate since 1559 [2]) Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1559–61, 1562 ...
The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (also referred to as the Russo-Polish War) [3] took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish–Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory successfully fought against the army of Russian tsar Ivan IV ("the Terrible") over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk .
Conclusion of the Treaty of Pozvol in 1557. Painting by Maurycy Gottlieb, 1874.. The Treaty or Peace of Pozvol, Pasvalys or Pozwol was a peace treaty and an alliance concluded on 5 and 14 September 1557 between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish-Lithuanian union, whereby the former put its territories under Polish-Lithuanian protection. [1]
The Kingdom of Livonia [a] was a nominal state in what is now the territory of Estonia and Latvia.Russian tsar Ivan IV declared the establishment of the kingdom during the Livonian War of 1558–1583, but it never functioned properly as a polity.
The civilians [1] or riflemen, [2] along with 200 hussars began to defend against the attack. They pushed the enemy out of the city and fought for 7 hours on the open field. [ 1 ] After receiving false information that the entire army was approaching the Dnieper, the Russians fled in panic when they saw 300 light cavalry [ 6 ] along with Temryk ...
The siege of Reval (1577) was a failed siege conducted by Tsar Ivan IV against the Swedish city of Reval during the Livonian War.Despite being able to occupy eastern Livonia, the Russian campaign eventually ended in failure due to the Russians failing to capture Reval.
"The last Livonian", who had learned the Livonian language as a part of an unbroken chain of Livonian generations, was Viktors Bertholds (b. 1921). He was buried on 28 February 2009 in the Livonian village of Kolka in Courland. [23] The Livonian Dāvis Stalts was elected into the Latvian parliament, the Saeima in 2011. [24]