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Klein's line or the line of Klein is a virtual line that can be drawn on an X-ray of an adolescent's hip parallel to the anatomically upper edge of the femoral neck.It was the first tool to aid in the early diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), which if treated late or left untreated leads to crippling arthritis, leg length discrepancy and lost range of motion.
The angle is measured on a frog lateral view of the bilateral hips. It is measured by drawing a line perpendicular to a line connecting two points at the posterior and anterior tips of the epiphysis at the physis. A third line is drawn down the axis of femur. The angle between the perpendicular line and the femoral shaft line is the angle.
SCFE affects approximately 1–10 per 100,000 children. [4] The incidence varies by geographic location, season of the year, and ethnicity. [4] In eastern Japan, the incidence is 0.2 per 100,000 and in the northeastern U.S. it is about 10 per 100,000. [2] Africans and Polynesians have higher rates of SCFE. [2]
Trethowan's sign is when Klein's line does not intersect the lateral part of the superior femoral epiphysis on an AP radiograph of the pelvis. [1] Clinical use
From top: Spade, brad point, masonry, and twist drills bits Drill bit (upper left), mounted on a pistol-grip electric drill A set of masonry drills. A drill bit is a cutting tool used in a drill to remove material to create holes, almost always of circular cross-section. Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and can create different kinds of ...
Klein Tools, Inc. is an American company based in Lincolnshire, IL that manufactures hand tools. The company is known for its popularity with workers in the electrical [1] [2] [3] and telecommunications [4] [5] industries. Lineman's pliers in the past were often called "Kleins," an example of a genericized trademark.
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