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The word "incumbent" is derived from the Latin verb incumbere, literally meaning "to lean or lay upon" with the present participle stem incumbent-, "leaning a variant of encumber, [1] while encumber is derived from the root cumber, [2] most appropriately defined: "To occupy obstructively or inconveniently; to block fill up with what hinders freedom of motion or action; to burden, load."
These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.. A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.
Organizational culture encompasses the shared norms, values, behaviors observed in schools, universities, not-for-profit groups, government agencies, and businesses reflecting their core values and strategic direction. [1] [2] Alternative terms include business culture, corporate culture and company culture. The term corporate culture emerged ...
Incumbent firms may have an exclusive right to use the brand name, making it expensive or impossible for new entrants to license rights to names. [10] Capital requirements - Many industries require the investment of large financial resources to start a new business, which deters new entrants. For example, new airlines require millions of ...
An incumbent local exchange carrier is a local exchange carrier (LEC) in a specific area that on the date of enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 , provided telephone exchange service on the date of enactment, was deemed to be a member of the National Exchange Carrier Association pursuant to the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R ...
Success is not a requirement and some business can be disruptive but fail; New firm's business model differs significantly from incumbent [17] Christensen continues to develop and refine the theory and has accepted that not all examples of disruptive innovation perfectly fit into his theory.
In government and politics, inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event, which may also include an inaugural address by the new official.
In a proxy fight, incumbent directors and management have the odds stacked in their favor over those trying to force the corporate change. [2] These incumbents use various corporate governance tactics to stay in power, including: staggering the boards (i.e., having different election years for different directors), controlling access to the ...