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The word "incumbent" is derived from the Latin verb incumbere, literally meaning "to lean or lay upon" with the present participle stem incumbent-, "leaning a variant of encumber, [1] while encumber is derived from the root cumber, [2] most appropriately defined: "To occupy obstructively or inconveniently; to block fill up with what hinders freedom of motion or action; to burden, load."
These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.. A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.
Organizational adaptation (sometimes referred to as strategic fit and organizational congruence) is a concept in organization theory and strategic management that is used to describe the relationship between an organization and its environment.
Organizational culture encompasses the shared norms, values, behaviors observed in schools, universities, not-for-profit groups, government agencies, and businesses reflecting their core values and strategic direction. [1] [2] Alternative terms include business culture, corporate culture and company culture. The term corporate culture emerged ...
In telecommunications where a service provider is expanding into a new market that is dominated by an incumbent that has existing infrastructure investments in place, the incumbent raises the barriers to entry in that market and therefore market analysis will not count that market as serviceable.
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file. Short title Developing a quality culture through internal quality assurance: Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria; New trends in higher education: case study; 2017
Example of a functional hybrid organizational chart. An organizational chart, also called organigram, organogram, or organizational breakdown structure (OBS), is a diagram that shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs.
Examples involving unspoken rules include unwritten and unofficial organizational hierarchies, organizational culture, and acceptable behavioral norms governing interactions between organizational members. These rules typically align with the behaviors of the local majority group and seem normal to them, but can be obscure, invisible, and ...