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Reflection seismology, more commonly referred to as "seismic reflection" or abbreviated to "seismic" within the hydrocarbon industry, is used by petroleum geologists and geophysicists to map and interpret potential petroleum reservoirs. The size and scale of seismic surveys has increased alongside the significant increases in computer power ...
In comparison to the typical seismic reflection survey, which is restricted to relatively small incidence angles due to the limited offsets between source and receiver, wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) data are acquired with long offsets, allowing the recording of both refracted and wide-angle reflection arrivals. [1] [2]
Seismic reflection capitalizes on the echo of seismic waves off boundaries where acoustic impedance varies between earth layers. [81] By recording the differences in travel time and wave amplitude, researchers correlate these measurements with subsurface properties to map out velocity structures, akin to seismic refraction but focusing on wave ...
The diagram above shows the acoustic impedance relationship that results in a dim spot. In reflection seismology, a dim spot is a local low-amplitude seismic attribute anomaly that can indicate the presence of hydrocarbons [1] and is therefore known as a direct hydrocarbon indicator.
Upper figure: a seismic profile showing intensity vs round-trip travel time. Lower figure: an interpretation of the results. Seismology makes use of the ability of vibrations to travel through rock as seismic waves. These waves come in two types: pressure waves and shear waves . P-waves travel faster than S-waves, and both have trajectories ...
Seismic waves are recorded on geophones. Seismic methods are split up into three different methods, reflection, refraction, and surface wave, based on the physical property of the waves being considered. The reflection method looks at reflected energy from sharp boundaries to determine contrasts in density and velocity. Reflections methods are ...
In reflection seismology, a seismic attribute is a quantity extracted or derived from seismic data that can be analysed in order to enhance information that might be more subtle in a traditional seismic image, leading to a better geological or geophysical interpretation of the data. [1]
Seismic methods, such as reflection seismology, seismic refraction, and seismic tomography. This type of survey is carried out to discover the detailed structure of the rock formations beneath the surface of the Earth. Seismoelectrical method; Geodesy and gravity techniques, including gravimetry and gravity gradiometry. This type of survey is ...