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Reactive airway disease (RAD) is an informal label that physicians apply to patients with symptoms similar to those of asthma. [1] An exact definition of the condition does not exist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Individuals who are typically labeled as having RAD generally have a history of wheezing, coughing, dyspnea , and production of sputum that may or may ...
Presence of airway responsiveness, i.e. significant drop in FEV-1, can be seen in patients with occupational asthma. [1] Specific inhalation challenges test consist of exposing the subjects to the suspected occupational agent in the laboratory and/or at the workplace and assessing for asthma symptoms as well as a reduction in FEV 1. [3] [17]
Incidence has been estimated at approximately 1% in both adult and pediatric populations. Its incidence is reported to be more than triple in the very young (birth to 3 months of age), increasing to 10% in those with reactive airways. Other sub-populations with high incidence of laryngospams include patients undergoing tonsillectomy and ...
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (or other combinations with airway or hyperreactivity, BH used as a general abbreviation) [1] is a state characterised by easily triggered bronchospasm (contraction of the bronchioles or small airways). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness can be assessed with a bronchial challenge test.
When the airways spasm or constrict in response to the irritating stimulus of the breathing tube, it is difficult to maintain the airway and the patient can become apneic. During general anesthesia, signs of bronchospasm include wheezing, high peak inspiratory pressures, increased intrinsic PEEP , decreased expiratory tidal volumes, and an ...
Airway muscular vasculature controls the flow of nutrients to the airways, the temperature of the airways, as well as the clearance of insoluble particles in the airways, which may play an important role in the activity of inhaled bronchodilators, thus affecting airway reactivity and airway tone changes in obstructive lung diseases. [9]
Inflamed airways are more hyper-reactive, and will be more prone to bronchospasm. The " hygiene hypothesis " postulates that in early life, an imbalance in the regulation of these T H cell types leads to a long-term domination of the cells involved in allergic responses over those involved in fighting infection.
The presence of an airway obstruction leads to a cycle of inflammation. [3] It is important to identify the presence of an obstruction because surgical resection is often curative if obstruction is the cause. [32] In adults, foreign body aspiration is often associated with an altered state of consciousness.