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The augmented fourth (A4) occurs naturally between the fourth and seventh scale degrees of the major scale (for example, from F to B in the key of C major). It is also present in the natural minor scale as the interval formed between the second and sixth scale degrees (for example, from D to A ♭ in the key of C minor). The melodic minor scale ...
In the standard guitar-tuning, one major-third interval is interjected amid four perfect-fourth intervals. Standard tuning (listen) Among alternative tunings for guitar, each augmented-fourths tuning is a regular tuning in which the musical intervals between successive open-string notes are each augmented fourths. [1]
Identical intervals notated with different (enharmonically equivalent) written pitches are also referred to as enharmonic. The interval of a tritone above C may be written as a diminished fifth from C to G ♭, or as an augmented fourth (C to F ♯). Representing the C as a B ♯ leads to other enharmonically equivalent options for notation.
The augmented fourth (A4) is the only augmented interval that appears in diatonic scales (in D ♭ major it occurs between G ♭ and C). The standard abbreviations for augmented intervals are AX, such that an augmented third = A3.
A major fourth (Play ⓘ) is the interval that lies midway between the perfect fourth (500 cents) and the augmented fourth (600 cents) and is thus 550 cents (F). It inverts to a minor fifth. Wyschnegradsky considered it a good approximation of the eleventh harmonic [ 1 ] (11:8 or 551.32 cents). [ 2 ]
The single tone that differentiates this scale from the major scale (Ionian mode) is its fourth degree, which is an augmented fourth (A4) above the tonic (F), rather than a perfect fourth (P4). Tonic triad: F; Tonic seventh chord: F M7; Dominant triad: C; Seventh chord on the dominant: C M7 (a major seventh chord)
"The augmented-fourth interval is the only interval whose inverse is the same as itself. The augmented-fourths tuning is the only tuning (other than the 'trivial' tuning C–C–C–C–C–C) for which all chords-forms remain unchanged when the strings are reversed. Thus the augmented-fourths tuning is its own 'lefty' tuning." [23]
Lydian chords may function as subdominants or substitutes for the tonic in major keys. [3] The compound interval of the augmented eleventh (enharmonically equivalent to ♯ 4, the characteristic interval of the Lydian mode) is used since the simple fourth usually only appears in suspended chords (which replace the third with a natural fourth, for example C sus4).