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A file inclusion vulnerability is a type of web vulnerability that is most commonly found to affect web applications that rely on a scripting run time.This issue is caused when an application builds a path to executable code using an attacker-controlled variable in a way that allows the attacker to control which file is executed at run time.
A directory traversal (or path traversal) attack exploits insufficient security validation or sanitization of user-supplied file names, such that characters representing "traverse to parent directory" are passed through to the operating system's file system API. An affected application can be exploited to gain unauthorized access to the file system
Insecure direct object reference (IDOR) is a type of access control vulnerability in digital security. [1]This can occur when a web application or application programming interface uses an identifier for direct access to an object in an internal database but does not check for access control or authentication.
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) logo. The Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) is a category system for hardware and software weaknesses and vulnerabilities.It is sustained by a community project with the goals of understanding flaws in software and hardware and creating automated tools that can be used to identify, fix, and prevent those flaws. [1]
In computer science, a code property graph (CPG) is a computer program representation that captures syntactic structure, control flow, and data dependencies in a property graph. The concept was originally introduced to identify security vulnerabilities in C and C++ system code, [ 1 ] but has since been employed to analyze web applications , [ 2 ...
As a security filter against directory traversal attacks, this program searches the value it reads from $_GET["file"] for directory traversal sequences and exits if it finds one. However, after this filter, the program URI-decodes the data that it has read from $_GET["file"], which makes it vulnerable to double URI-encoding attacks.
A valid file URI must therefore begin with either file:/path (no hostname), file:///path (empty hostname), or file://hostname/path. file://path (i.e. two slashes, without a hostname) is never correct, but is often used. Further slashes in path separate directory names in a hierarchical system of directories and subdirectories. In this usage ...
The loader executes the specified interpreter program, passing to it as an argument the path that was initially used when attempting to run the script, so that the program may use the file as input data. [8] For example, if a script is named with the path path/to/script, and it starts with the line #! /bin/sh, then the program loader is ...