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A medical professional administering nose drops Instillation of eye drops. A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. [1]
Topical delivery is often used for drugs that are easily degraded in the GI tract, or are highly susceptible to hepatic first pass effect. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Even if the drug has to be administered for long periods of time or can induce adverse drug reactions in parts of the body other than the target location, it can still be formulated as a topical gel.
Liniment (from Latin: linere, meaning "to anoint"), also called embrocation and heat rub, is a medicated topical preparation for application to the skin. Some liniments have a viscosity similar to that of water; others are lotion or balm; still, others are in transdermal patches , soft solid sticks, and sprays.
Cream. A cream is a preparation usually for application to the skin.Creams for application to mucous membranes such as those of the rectum or vagina are also used. Creams may be considered pharmaceutical products, since even cosmetic creams are manufactured using techniques developed by pharmacy and unmedicated creams are highly used in a variety of skin conditions (dermatoses).
A container with cream. Topical cream formulation is an emulsion semisolid dosage form that is used for skin external application. Most of the topical cream formulations contain more than 20 per cent of water and volatiles and/or less than 50 per cent of hydrocarbons, waxes, or polyethylene glycols as the vehicle for external skin application. [1]
An advantage of a transdermal drug delivery route over other types of medication delivery (such as oral, topical, intravenous, or intramuscular) is that the patch provides a controlled release of the medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers ...
The mechanism of topical delivery includes the diffusion and metabolism of drugs in the skin. [1] Historically, topical route was the first route of medication used to deliver drugs in humans in ancient Egyptian and Babylonian in 3000 BCE. In these ancient cities, topical medications like ointments and potions were used on the skin.
The definition of the topical route of administration sometimes states that both the application location and the pharmacodynamic effect thereof is local. [3] In other cases, topical is defined as applied to a localized area of the body or to the surface of a body part regardless of the location of the effect.