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Auxin induces shoot apical dominance; the axillary buds are inhibited by auxin, as a high concentration of auxin directly stimulates ethylene synthesis in axillary buds, causing inhibition of their growth and potentiation of apical dominance. When the apex of the plant is removed, the inhibitory effect is removed and the growth of lateral buds ...
Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis , [ 1 ] the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] stress tolerance [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and reproductive development. [ 6 ]
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 3-IAA) is the most common naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class. It is the best known of the auxins, and has been the subject of extensive studies by plant physiologists. [1] IAA is a derivative of indole, containing a carboxymethyl substituent. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in polar organic ...
Phytohormones, particularly jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, and auxin, are central regulators of the long-term developmental changes underpinning thigmomorphogenesis. Among these, JA is a primary mediator, modulating gene expression and enhancing stress tolerance in response to mechanical stimuli.
Ethylene production can also be induced by a variety of external aspects such as mechanical wounding, environmental stresses, and certain chemicals including auxin and other regulators. [20] The pathway for ethylene biosynthesis is named the Yang cycle after the scientist Shang Fa Yang who made key contributions to elucidating this pathway.
Applying auxin to the cut stem again inhibits lateral dominance. [2] Moreover, it has been shown that cytokinin alone has no effect on parenchyma cells. When cultured with auxin but no cytokinin, they grow large but do not divide. When cytokinin and auxin are both added together, the cells expand and differentiate.
He isolated and determined the structure of auxin, the first known plant hormone. He spent most of his early career (1935–1965) at Harvard University, and his later career (1965 - 1989) at the University of California, Santa Cruz. [1] He is credited with identifying indole-3-acetic acid as an auxin. [2] Thimann was born in Ashford, England.
PIN proteins are integral membrane proteins in plants that transport the anionic form of the hormone auxin across membranes. [1] [2] The discovery of the initial member of the PIN gene family, PIN1, occurred through the identification of the pin-formed1 (pin1) mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana.