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Shia believe in the trilateral structure of authority; authority of God which is absolute and universal as the verse 3: 26 implies, authority of Muhammad which is legitimized by the grace of God as the verse 7: 158 points to it and the authority of the Imams who are blessed for the leadership of the community through Muhammad as the verses 5: ...
Those clerics who reach the apex in the hierarchy of theological rank in the centers of Shi'a learning become marja-i taqlids. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] Since around 1940, marja-i taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of Ayatollah al-`Uzma (Grand Ayatollah – "ayatollah" meaning "sign of God"). [ 2 ]
Imamat, or belief in the divine guide, is a fundamental belief in the Twelver Shia doctrine and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance. [6] According to Twelvers, there is at all times an Imam of the era who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim ...
For all Shia, the son-in-law of Muhammad is the first Shia Imam [26] and the rightful successor to Muhammad. [27] For Sunnis , he is the fourth successor . [ 18 ] He holds an important position in almost all Sufi orders , which trace their lineage to Muhammad through him.
' friend of God ') signifies the nearness of imam to God, who reveals to him His secrets, [112] and grants him authority over His creation. [113] Second, imam and wali is the supreme spiritual guide, [ 23 ] and the exclusive religio-political authority after Muhammad.
According to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ali, the first Shia Imam, is credited with having established Islamic theology and his quotations contain the first rational proofs among Muslims of the Unity of God. [12] Ali expresses that "God is One" means that he is away from likeness and numeration and he is not divisible even in imagination. [13] He says:
The following is a list of Shia Muslim dynasties. North Africa and Europe ... [12] Qutb Shahi dynasty (1512–1687 CE) Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)
Shi‘a Islam, also known as Shi‘ite Islam or Shia, is the second largest branch of Islam after Sunni Islam. Shias adhere to the teachings of Muhammad and the religious guidance of his family (who are referred to as the Ahl al-Bayt ) or his descendants known as Shia Imams .