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Highly requested data is cached in high-speed access memory stores, allowing swifter access by central processing unit (CPU) cores. Cache hierarchy is a form and part of memory hierarchy and can be considered a form of tiered storage. [1] This design was intended to allow CPU cores to process faster despite the memory latency of main memory access.
Designing for high performance requires considering the restrictions of the memory hierarchy, i.e. the size and capabilities of each component. Each of the various components can be viewed as part of a hierarchy of memories (m 1, m 2, ..., m n) in which each member m i is typically smaller and faster than the next highest member m i+1 of the ...
A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from the main memory. [1] A cache is a smaller, faster memory, located closer to a processor core, which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations.
Processor performance increase due to cache hierarchy depends on the number of accesses to the cache that satisfy block requests from the cache (cache hits) versus those that do not. Unsuccessful attempts to read or write data from the cache (cache misses) result in lower level or main memory access, which increases latency.
Cache Socket Memory Controller Features L1 L2 L3 SIMD Speed/Power Other Changes Am386 Am386: Sx/SxL/SxLV [1] 1 No 25–40 [1] FSB 100 PQFP [1] discrete: Am486 [2] 500, 350 Am486: 1 No 25–120 FSB 8 168 pin PGA 208 SQFP discrete: 500, 350 Enhanced Am486: 66–120 FSB 8, 8/16 168 pin PGA 208 SQFP [3] Am5x86 350 Am5x86: X5-133 1 No 133 33 FSB 16 ...
A cache also increases transfer performance. A part of the increase similarly comes from the possibility that multiple small transfers will combine into one large block. But the main performance-gain occurs because there is a good chance that the same data will be read from cache multiple times, or that written data will soon be read.
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Consider the case when L2 is exclusive of L1. Suppose there is a processor read request for block X. If the block is found in L1 cache, then the data is read from L1 cache and returned to the processor. If the block is not found in the L1 cache, but present in the L2 cache, then the cache block is moved from the L2 cache to the L1 cache.