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In alopecia areata, a hair follicle is attacked by the immune system. T-cells swarm the roots, killing the follicle. This causes the hair to fall out and parts of the head to become bald. Alopecia areata is thought to be a systemic autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own anagen hair follicles and suppresses or stops hair growth. [22]
The cause of male-pattern hair loss is a combination of genetics and male hormones; the cause of female pattern hair loss is unclear; the cause of alopecia areata is autoimmune; and the cause of telogen effluvium is typically a physically or psychologically stressful event. [4] Telogen effluvium is very common following pregnancy. [4]
The most common cause is androgenetic alopecia, also known as male pattern or female pattern hair loss due to the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the hair follicles. A variety of factors may lead to this condition such as hormonal effects , age, diet, autoimmunity , emotional stress, physical stress, drug effects, genetics , or infections .
Androgenic alopecia also occurs in women, and more often presents as diffuse thinning without hairline recession. Like its male counterpart, the condition rarely leads to total hair loss . Treatment options are similar to those for men, although topical or systemic estrogen is used more often.
Wolff, Hans; Fischer, Tobias W.; Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike (2016-05-27). "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hair and Scalp Diseases".Deutsches Ärzteblatt International.
Alopecia totalis is the loss of all hair on the head and face.Its causes are unclear, but believed to be autoimmune.Research suggests there may be a genetic component linked to developing alopecia totalis; the presence of DRB1*0401 and DQB1*0301, both of which are human leukocyte antigens (HLA), were found to be associated with long-standing alopecia totalis.
Alopecia universalis can occur at any age, and is currently believed to be an autoimmune disorder, in which a person's immune system attacks the hair follicles. Genetic factors may contribute to AU, as about 20% of those affected have a family member with alopecia.
Alopecia is a hair loss disease that can occur in anyone at any stage of life. [17] [18] Specifically alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that causes hair to spontaneously fall out. It is mainly characterized by bald patches on the scalp or other parts of the body, and can ultimately cause baldness across the entire body.