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Isaiah 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Isaiah, one of the Book of the Prophets in the Hebrew Bible, which is the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. [1] [2] In this "vision of Isaiah concerning Judah and Jerusalem", the prophet calls the nation to repentance and predicts the destruction of the first temple in the siege of Jerusalem.
Oral literature is especially rich in chiastic structure, possibly as an aid to memorization and oral performance. In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, for instance, Cedric Whitman finds chiastic patterns "of the most amazing virtuosity" that simultaneously perform both aesthetic and mnemonic functions, permitting the oral poet easily to recall the basic structure of the composition during ...
Although the New Testament does not refer to Isaiah 11:1-2 regarding these gifts, [15] [16] according to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, these gifts "complete and perfect the virtues of those who receive them." [17] Initiates receive them at Baptism and they are strengthened at Confirmation, so that one can proclaim the truths of the faith.
Chiasmus was particularly popular in the literature of the ancient world, including Hebrew, Greek, Latin and K'iche' Maya, [7] where it was used to articulate the balance of order within the text. Many long and complex chiasmi have been found in Shakespeare [ 8 ] and the Greek and Hebrew texts of the Bible . [ 9 ]
Furthermore, the language of the Book of Mormon closely mimics the Elizabethan English used in the KJV, with 19th-century English mixed into it. [46] The Book of Mormon quotes 25,000 words from the KJV Old Testament (e.g., 2 Nephi 30:13-15; cf. Isaiah 11:7-9) and over 2,000 words from the KJV New Testament. [47]
Isaiah 2:16: Isaiah 13:21: Isaiah 11:3: Geneva Bible (1560) all pleasant pictures: Satyrs shall dance there shall make him prudent in the fear of the Lord King James Bible (1611) all pleasant pictures: satyrs shall dance there shall make him of quick understanding in the fear of the L ORD: Book of Mormon (1830) all pleasant pictures (2 Nephi 12:16)
Welch claims that it is unlikely, although not impossible, [22] that Smith knew about chiasmus at the time of the Book of Mormon's publication, [23] which implies that chiasmus could only be present in the text if indeed the text is a translation and not a fabrication. Critics argue that chiasmus is not necessarily evidence of Hebrew origin. [24]
Additionally, Isaiah’s teachings as they appear in Second Nephi form a chiasmus: chapters 12–15 discuss destruction relating to the covenant people; chapter 16 contains a call to repentance, and chapters 17–22 follow themes of God’s covenant people returning to him.