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It is one of the two major types of hormonal contraception, with the other major type being combined hormonal contraceptive methods (including both estrogen and a progestogen). [1] There are several progestogen only contraceptive methods: [1] Progestogen-only pills ("mini-pills") (e.g., desogestrel, norethisterone)
A high dosage of 20 mg/day norethisterone or norethisterone acetate has been found to significantly stimulate the sebaceous glands, whereas lower dosages of 5 mg/day and 2.5 mg/day norethisterone and norethisterone acetate, respectively, did not significantly stimulate sebum production and were consequently regarded as devoid of significant ...
NETE is a prodrug of norethisterone in the body. [13] Upon reaching circulation, it is rapidly converted into norethisterone by esterases.Hence, as a prodrug of norethisterone, NETE has essentially the same effects as norethisterone, acting as a potent progestogen with additional weak androgenic and estrogenic activity (the latter via its metabolite ethinylestradiol). [14]
Norethisterone and ethinylestradiol levels over 24 hours after a single oral dose of 10 mg NETA in postmenopausal women. [25] NETA metabolizes into ethinylestradiol at a rate of 0.20 to 0.33% across a dose range of 10 to 40 mg. [26] [27] Peak levels of ethinylestradiol with a 10, 20, or 40 mg dose of NETA were 58, 178, and 231 pg/mL, respectively.
Fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) muscle tumors of the uterus that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, bowel or bladder problems and infertility. [2] Some women may not experience any symptoms, but many do, including heavy bleeding with periods. [2]
Side effects of CICs, besides menstrual bleeding changes, are minimal. [26] The most prominent side effects of CICs are menstrual irregularities during the first 3 to 6 months of use. [1] Dysmenorrhea has been reported in 30 to 65% of women. [26] Other side effects include breast tenderness/pain, headache, and libido changes. [26]
Despite sometimes being referred to as "Progesterone-only pills," these medications do not contain progesterone but instead one of several chemically related compounds. [9] For example, the medication Opill contains the synthetic hormone Norgestrel , which has some distinct chemical differences despite producing a similar physiological effect.
In 2022, the combination of ethinylestradiol with norethisterone or with norethisterone acetate was the 80th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions. [10] [11]