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The effects of an underground nuclear test may vary according to factors including the depth and yield of the explosion, as well as the nature of the surrounding rock. [25] If the test is conducted at sufficient depth, the test is said to be contained, with no venting of gases or other contaminants to the environment. [25]
The Nevada National Security Sites (N2S2 [1] or NNSS), popularized as the Nevada Test Site (NTS) until 2010, [2] is a reservation of the United States Department of Energy located in the southeastern portion of Nye County, Nevada, about 65 mi (105 km) northwest of the city of Las Vegas.
On June 28, 1949, the "Gunnery Range of the Tonopah Air Force Base" had about 30 sq mi (78 km 2) [19] and after the 1949 Las Vegas Air Force Base was renamed on April 30, 1950, a United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) committee selected the "Las Vegas Bombing and Gunnery Range" for a nuclear test site on December 12, 1950. [20]
Yucca Flat is a closed desert drainage basin, one of four major nuclear test regions within the Nevada Test Site (NTS), and is divided into nine test sections: Areas 1 through 4 and 6 through 10. Yucca Flat is located at the eastern edge of NTS, about ten miles (16 km) north of Frenchman Flat , and 65 miles (105 km) from Las Vegas, Nevada . [ 2 ]
The 6,900-square-mile (18,000 km 2) expanse of the Semipalatinsk Test Site (indicated in red), attached to Kurchatov (along the Irtysh river). The site comprised an area the size of Wales. [20] The first atomic weapons test was conducted near Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945, during the Manhattan Project, and given the codename "Trinity".
The Trinity test on 16 July 1945, near Socorro, New Mexico, was the first-ever test of a nuclear weapon (yield of around 20 kilotons). The Operation Crossroads series in July 1946, at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands , was the first postwar test series and one of the largest military operations in U.S. history.
Operation Teapot was a series of 14 nuclear test explosions conducted at the Nevada Test Site in the first half of 1955. It was preceded by Operation Castle , and followed by Operation Wigwam . Wigwam was, administratively, a part of Teapot , but it is usually treated as a class of its own.
The Tonopah Test Range (TTR, also designated as Area 52) is a highly classified, restricted military installation of the United States Department of Defense, and United States Department of Energy (nuclear stockpile stewardship) located about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Tonopah, Nevada.