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More precisely, the Hartle-Hawking state is a hypothetical vector in the Hilbert space of a theory of quantum gravity that describes the wave function of the universe.. It is a functional of the metric tensor defined at a (D − 1)-dimensional compact surface, the universe, where D is the spacetime dimension.
1.9 Absolute convergence test. 1.10 Alternating series test. ... This is also known as the nth-term test, test for divergence, or the divergence test. Ratio test
The absolutely maximally entangled (AME) state is a concept in quantum information science, which has many applications in quantum error-correcting code, [1] discrete AdS/CFT correspondence, [2] AdS/CMT correspondenc e, [2] and more. It is the multipartite generalization of the bipartite maximally entangled state.
A bound state is a composite of two or more fundamental building blocks, such as particles, atoms, or bodies, ...
A simple criterion for checking whether a density matrix is describing a pure or mixed state is that the trace of ρ 2 is equal to 1 if the state is pure, and less than 1 if the state is mixed. [ d ] [ 22 ] Another, equivalent, criterion is that the von Neumann entropy is 0 for a pure state, and strictly positive for a mixed state.
The swap test is a procedure in quantum computation that is used to check how much two quantum states differ, appearing first in the work of Barenco et al. [1] and later rediscovered by Harry Buhrman, Richard Cleve, John Watrous, and Ronald de Wolf. [2]
The video of an experiment showing vacuum fluctuations (in the red ring) amplified by spontaneous parametric down-conversion.. If the quantum field theory can be accurately described through perturbation theory, then the properties of the vacuum are analogous to the properties of the ground state of a quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator, or more accurately, the ground state of a measurement ...
In mathematics, the integral test for convergence is a method used to test infinite series of monotonic terms for convergence. It was developed by Colin Maclaurin and Augustin-Louis Cauchy and is sometimes known as the Maclaurin–Cauchy test .