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According to Dweck, individuals can be placed on a continuum according to their implicit views of where ability comes from; those believing their success to be based on innate ability are said to have a "fixed" theory of intelligence (fixed mindset), and those believing their success is based on hard work, learning, training and doggedness are ...
Carol Dweck identified two different mindsets regarding intelligence beliefs. The entity theory of intelligence refers to an individual's belief that abilities are fixed traits. [4] For entity theorists, if perceived ability to perform a task is high, the perceived possibility for mastery is also high.
Although Dweck's work in this area built on the foundation laid by Nicholls, the fundamental difference between the two scholars' works is the attribution of an individual's goal orientation: Nicholls believed that the goal orientation held by an individual was a result of the possession of either an internal or external referent [definition ...
Keown and Bourke discussed the importance of a growth mindset and grit. Their 2019 study found that people with lower economic status had a greater chance of success if they had a growth mindset and were willing to work through tribulation. [38] Much of Dweck's research was related to the effect of a student's mindset on classroom performance.
Models of disability are analytic tools in disability studies used to articulate different ways disability is conceptualized by individuals and society broadly. [1] [2] Disability models are useful for understanding disagreements over disability policy, [2] teaching people about ableism, [3] providing disability-responsive health care, [3] and articulating the life experiences of disabled people.
Stage theories typically focus on "age-appropriate" developmental tasks to be achieved at each stage. Erik Erikson and Carl Jung proposed stage theories [2] [3] of human development that encompass the entire life span, and emphasized the potential for positive change very late in life. The concept of adulthood has legal and socio-cultural ...
Research by Dweck and colleagues suggests that feedback to a child on their academic achievements can alter their future intelligence scores. Telling a child that they are intelligent and praising them for this 'intrinsic' quality indicates that intelligence is fixed, known as entity theory.
Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability.Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, while disability was considered a social construct. [1]