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Levels of progesterone are 10 to 50 ng/mL in the first trimester and rise to 50 to 280 ng/mL in the third trimester, [40] with a mean of around 150 ng/mL at term. [41] Although only a small fraction of estradiol and progesterone are unbound in circulation, the amounts of free and thus biologically active estradiol and progesterone increase to ...
The use of high-dose estrogen therapy in breast cancer has mostly been superseded by antiestrogen therapy due to the improved safety profile of the latter. [17] High-dose estrogen therapy was the standard of care for the palliative treatment of breast cancer in women up to the late 1970s or early 1980s. [18
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) is an ongoing study of over 27,000 women that began in 1991, with the most recent analyses suggesting that, when initiated within 10 years of menopause, HRT reduces all-cause mortality and risks of coronary disease, osteoporosis, and dementia; after 10 years the beneficial effects on mortality and coronary ...
In another, higher-dose study, SHBG levels were lower by 59% in a group of women treated with 50 mg/day oral MPA alone relative to an untreated control group of women. [180] In massive-dose studies of oral or injectable MPA (e.g., 500–1,000 mg/day), the medication decreased SHBG levels by about 80%.
Doses of more than 50 μg EE are considered high-dose, doses of 30 and 35 μg EE are considered low-dose, and doses of 10 to 25 μg EE are considered very low dose. [34] Today, COCs generally contain 10 to 50 μg EE. [34] The higher doses of EE were discontinued due to a high risk of VTE and cardiovascular problems. [33]
In transgender women, estradiol undecylate by intramuscular injection at extremely high doses (200–800 mg/month) was associated with greater incidence of hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels) than ethinylestradiol orally at a dose of 100 μg/day (or about 3 mg/month total) (rates of 40% and 16% for prolactin levels greater than 1,000 mU ...
Chlormadinone acetate (CMA), sold under the brand names Belara, Gynorelle, Lutéran, and Prostal among others, is a progestin and antiandrogen medication which is used in birth control pills to prevent pregnancy, as a component of menopausal hormone therapy, in the treatment of gynecological disorders, and in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like enlarged prostate and prostate ...
Research on animal reproduction has indicated that there is a trace of teratogenicity when doses are reduced by 10 times the human recommended dose. [54] There is no sufficient information on human pregnancy at this moment. Use is only recommended when the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks for the pregnant mother and the fetus. [54]