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It uses a range of grades from 1 to 5. Specific conditions and symptoms may have values or descriptive comment for each level, but the general guideline is: 1 - Mild 2 - Moderate 3 - Severe 4 - Life-threatening 5 - Death. Grade 1: is defined as mild, asymptomatic symptoms. Clinical or diagnostic observations only; Intervention not indicated.
Chemotherapy interferes with cell division, which particularly affects rapidly dividing cells like those of the gastrointestinal mucosa and immune cells. Irritation of the GI mucosa by chemotherapy, radiation, distention, or acute infectious gastroenteritis activates the 5-HT 3 receptors of these inputs. [ 4 ]
Bone marrow suppression is a serious side effect of chemotherapy and certain drugs affecting the immune system such as azathioprine. [2] The risk is especially high in cytotoxic chemotherapy for leukemia. In the case of non-small-cell lung cancer, myelosuppression predisposition was shown to be modulated by enhancer mutations. [3]
CIPN afflicts between 30% and 40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy are designed to eliminate rapidly dividing cancer cells, but they can also damage healthy structures, including the peripheral nervous system. [1] CIPN involves various symptoms such as tingling, pain, and numbness in the hands and feet. [2]
Free radicals are produced due to DNA damage caused by chemo- or radiotherapy. Primary damage response. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and free radicals all contribute to the activation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB. This results in the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ceramide, nitric oxide and matrix metalloproteinases. The ...
Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology. [1] [2] The term chemotherapy now means the non-specific use of intracellular poisons to inhibit mitosis (cell division) or to induce DNA damage (so that DNA repair can augment chemotherapy ...
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Cardiotoxicity may be caused by chemotherapy (a usual example is the class of anthracyclines) [3] [4] treatment and/or radiotherapy; [5] complications from anorexia nervosa; adverse effects of heavy metals intake; [6] the long-term abuse of or ingestion at high doses of certain strong stimulants such as cocaine; [7] or an incorrectly ...